Grafting watermelons prevents disease, WSU study shows

A new study from Washington State University’s Department of Horticulture found that splice grafting…

A new study from Washington State University’s Department of Horticulture found that splice grafting helps watermelons resist disease.

For more than 10 years, watermelon growers in Washington’s Columbia Basin have been struggling with a disease called Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae.

The findings were recently published in the American Society for Horticulture Science.

For decades, methyl bromide, a fumigant used to control pests in agriculture, was used to control plant diseases like Verticillium wilt. The colorless, odorless gas was used for protecting crops, and shipments, but methyl bromide was phased out in 2005 due to one of its side effects: depleting the ozone layer.

“When methyl bromide was disallowed, farmers no longer had access to it, which meant they had less control over disease spread,” said Carol Miles, interim director of the Northwestern Washington Research and Extension Center in Mount Vernon, Wash., who led the study.

Miles started searching for answers. She looked to other countries who had given up the use of methyl bromide a decade before the United States, wondering how they were dealing with this issue.

“What many of the growers worldwide were doing was grafting,” she said. This horticulture technique joins parts from two plants together so they grow as a single plant, with the upper part, or scion, of one plant growing on the root system, or rootstock, of a different plant.

“Grafting watermelon has been used on a commercial scale in Japan for almost 100 years,” Miles said. “This is not a new concept – it’s just new to us.”

As a professor in the Department of Horticulture, Miles and her team experimented with grafted and non-grafted watermelon plants. The healthy rootstocks, resistant to the pathogen, are squash plants.

“The study revealed that we can produce grafted watermelon crop yields that are better than non-grafted plants when there is disease pressure,” she said.

Non-grafted plants died during the study, but the grafted plants survived due to their healthy rootstocks.

“The fruit from the grafted watermelon is as good, and in some cases better than non-grafted fruit,” she said.

Miles said the study bodes well not just for watermelon survival, but for agriculture.