Combination of olive oil and salad leaves may protect from high blood pressure

A diet that combines unsaturated fats with nitrite-rich vegetables, such as olive oil and lettuce, c…

A diet that combines unsaturated fats with nitrite-rich vegetables, such as olive oil and lettuce, can protect from hypertension (also called high blood pressure), a new study led by King’s College London has suggested.

The Mediterranean diet has also been linked to other health benefits, such as a reduced risk of heart disease, various lifestyle diseases, including type 2 diabetes.

The King’s College London researchers said their findings, published in the journal PNAS, help to explain why some previous studies have shown that a Mediterranean diet can reduce blood pressure. The Mediterranean diet typically includes unsaturated fats found in olive oil, nuts and avocados, along with vegetables like spinach, celery and carrots that are rich in nitrites and nitrates.

When these two food groups are combined, the reaction of unsaturated fatty acids with nitrogen compounds in the vegetables results in the formation of nitro fatty acids.

Study method

The study, supported by the British Heart Foundation, used mice to investigate the process by which these nitro fatty acids lower blood pressure, looking at whether they inhibited an enzyme known as soluble Epoxide Hydrolase which regulates blood pressure.

Mice genetically engineered to be resistant to this inhibitory process were found to maintain their high blood pressure despite being fed the type of nitro fatty acids that normally form when a Mediterranean diet is consumed. However, nitro fatty acids were found to lower the blood pressure of normal mice following the same diets.

Thus, the study concluded that the protective effect of the Mediterranean diet, combining unsaturated fats and vegetables abundant in nitrite and nitrate, came at least in part from the nitro fatty acids generated which inhibit soluble Epoxide Hydrolase to lower blood pressure.

“The findings of our study help to explain why previous research has shown that a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular problems like stroke, heart failure and heart attacks,” said Professor Philip Eaton, Professor of Cardiovascular Biochemistry at King’s College London.